| affect Feb 26th 2013, 15:32 | | | | Line 136: | Line 136: | | | * Italian: {{t+|it|fingere}} | | * Italian: {{t+|it|fingere}} | | | * Portuguese: {{t+|pt|fingir}} | | * Portuguese: {{t+|pt|fingir}} | | − | * Russian: {{t+|ru|притворяться|tr=pritvorjátʹsja|sc=Cyrl}}, {{t+|ru|делать вид|tr=délatʹ vid|sc=Cyrl}}, {{t+|ru|прикидываться|tr=prikídyvatʹsja|sc=Cyrl}} {{colloquial}} | + | * Russian: {{t+|ru|притворяться|tr=pritvorjátʹsja|sc=Cyrl}}, {{t+|ru|делать вид|tr=délatʹ vid|sc=Cyrl}}, {{t+|ru|прикидываться|tr=prikídyvatʹsja|sc=Cyrl}} {{qualifier|colloquial}} | | | * Spanish: {{t+|es|fingir}} | | * Spanish: {{t+|es|fingir}} | | | * Swedish: {{t+|sv|åstadkomma}}, {{t+|sv|fingera}} | | * Swedish: {{t+|sv|åstadkomma}}, {{t+|sv|fingera}} |
Latest revision as of 15:32, 26 February 2013 [edit] English [edit] Etymology 1 From Middle French affecter, French affecter, and its source, the participle stem of Latin afficere ("to act upon, influence, affect, attack with disease"), from ad- + facere ("to make, do"). [edit] Pronunciation affect (third-person singular simple present affects, present participle affecting, simple past and past participle affected) - (transitive) To influence or alter.
- The experience affected me deeply.
- The heat of the sunlight affected the speed of the chemical reaction.
- (transitive) To move to emotion.
- He was deeply affected by the themes in the play.
- (transitive) Of an illness or condition, to infect or harm (a part of the body).
- Hepatitis affects the liver.
[edit] Usage notes Affect and effect are sometimes confused. Affect conveys influence over something that already exists, but effect indicates the manifestation of new or original ideas or entities: - "...new governing coalitions during these realigning periods have effected major changes in governmental institutions."
- "...new governing coalitions during these realigning periods have affected major changes in governmental institutions."
The former indicates that major changes were made as a result of new governing coalitions, while the latter indicates that before new governing coalitions, major changes were in place, and that the new governing coalitions had some influence over these existing changes. The verbal noun uses of affect are distinguished from the verbal noun uses of effect more clearly than the regular verb forms. An affect is something that acts or acted upon something else. However, an effect is the result of an action (by something else). [edit] Synonyms [edit] Derived terms [edit] Translations - The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.
Translations to be checked [edit] Etymology 2 From Anglo-Norman affecter ("strive after"), Middle French affecter ("feign"), and their source, Latin affectāre ("to strive after, aim to do, pursue, imitate with dissimulation, feign"), frequentative of afficere ("to act upon, influence") (see Etymology 1, above). [edit] Pronunciation affect (third-person singular simple present affects, present participle affecting, simple past and past participle affected) - (transitive) To aim for, to try to obtain.
- (transitive, now rare) To feel affection for; to like, be fond of.
- 1621, Robert Burton, The Anatomy of Melancholy, I.2.4.vii:
- A young gentlewoman in Basil was married [...] to an ancient man against her will, whom she could not affect; she was continually melancholy, and pined away for grief [...].
- 1663, Hudibras, by Samuel Butler, part 1, canto 1
- But when he pleased to show 't, his speech \ In loftiness of sound was rich; \ A Babylonish dialect, \ Which learned pedants much affect.
- (transitive) To make a false display of.
- He managed to affect a smile despite feeling quite miserable.
[edit] Synonyms [edit] Derived terms [edit] Translations to feel affection for; to like, be fond of to make a false display of [edit] Etymology 3 Middle English affect, from Latin affectus, adfectus ("a state of mind or body produced by some (external) influence, especially sympathy or love"), from afficere ("to act upon, influence") [edit] Pronunciation affect (plural affects) - (obsolete) One's mood or inclination; mental state. [14th-17th c.]
- (obsolete) A desire, an appetite. [16th-17th c.]
- (psychology) A subjective feeling experienced in response to a thought or other stimulus; mood, emotion, especially as demonstrated in external physical signs. [from 19th c.]
- 1999, Joyce Crick, translating Sigmund Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams, Oxford 2008, p. 62:
- if we are afraid of robbers in a dream, the robbers are certainly imaginary, but the fear is real. This draws our attention to the fact that the development of affects [transl. Affectentwicklung] in dreams is not amenable to the judgement we make of the rest of the dream-content [...].
- 2004, Jeffrey Greenberg & Thomas A Pyszczynski, Handbook of Experimental Existential Psychology, p. 407:
- A third study demonstrated that the effects of self-affirmation on self-regulated performance were not due to positive affect.
[edit] Usage notes Affect and effect can both be used as nouns or verbs, but when used as a noun the word affect is limited to the above psychology uses and the definitions for effect are much more common. See also the usage notes as a verb above. [edit] Derived terms [edit] Related terms [edit] Translations psychology: feeling in response to a stimulus - The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.
Translations to be checked [edit] References  |  |
