| ní Aug 4th 2013, 23:02, by Angr | | | | Line 43: | Line 43: | | | | | | | | ====Particle==== | | ====Particle==== | | − | {{head|ga|particle|sort=ni}} | + | {{head|ga|negative particle|sort=ni}} | | | | | | | | # [[not]] {{qualifier|preverbal particle}} | | # [[not]] {{qualifier|preverbal particle}} |
Latest revision as of 23:02, 4 August 2013 Pronunciation[edit] Etymology 1[edit] From Old Irish níd Alternative forms[edit] ní m (genitive ní, nominative plural nithe) - thing
- object
Synonyms[edit] Derived terms[edit] Etymology 2[edit] From Old Irish nige. Alternative forms[edit] ní f (genitive nite) - Verbal noun of nigh.
ní - present subjunctive analytic of nigh
Etymology 3[edit] From Old Irish ní. Particle[edit] ní - not (preverbal particle)
- Ní thuigim. — I do not understand.
- Ní dheachaigh mé ansin. — I did not go there.
- Ní bhfaighidh siad é. — They will not find it.
- not (present copular form)
- Ní críonnacht creagaireacht. — Miserliness is not thrift.
- Ní hionann iad. — They are not the same.
- An gloine é? Ní hea. — Is it glass? No.
Usage notes[edit] The preverbal particle triggers lenition of a following consonant. Not used in the past tense except for some irregular verbs. Takes the dependent form of irregular verbs. The copular form triggers h-prothesis of a following vowel. Related terms[edit] - cha (nonstandard)
- níor (used in the past tense with regular and some irregular verbs, also the past/conditional copular form)
Irish copular forms Simple copular forms | Present/future |
|---|
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative | Neg. inter. |
|---|
| Main clauses | is | ní | an | nach | | Direct relative clauses | nach | |
|---|
| Indirect relative clauses | ar, arbv | | Other subordinate clauses | gur, gurbv | an | nach | | Past/conditional |
|---|
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative | Neg. inter. |
|---|
| Main clauses | ba, b'v | níor, níorbhv | ar, arbhv | nár, nárbhv | | Direct relative clauses | ba, abv | nár, nárbhv | |
|---|
| Indirect relative clauses | ar, arbhv | | Other subordinate clauses | gur, gurbhv | ar, arbhv | nár, nárbhv | | Present subjunctive | |
|---|
| Affirmative | Negative |
|---|
| gura, gurabv | nára, nárabv |
| | Compound copular forms | Base word | Present/future | Past/conditional |
|---|
| má | más | má ba, má b'v | | ó | ós | ó ba, ó b'v | | dá | | dá mba, dá mb'v |
|---|
| mura | mura, murabv | murar, murarbhv | | sula | sular, sularbv | sular, sularbhv | | cé | cér, cérbv | cér, cérbhv | | cá | cár, cárbv | cár, cárbhv | | de/do | dar, darbv | dar, darbhv | | faoi | faoinar, faoinarbv | faoinar, faoinarbhv | | i | inar, inarbv | inar, inarbhv | | le | lenar, lenarbv | lenar, lenarbhv | | ó | ónar, ónarbv | ónar, ónarbhv | | trí | trínar, trínarbv | trínar, trínarbhv |
| | Note: Forms marked v are used before a vowel sound. |
Etymology 4[edit] From Old Irish do·gní. Alternative forms[edit] ní - (archaic, Ulster) present analytic independent of déan
Usage notes[edit] Used with a noun or pronoun (in the standard language, tú, sé, sí, muid, sibh, siad, or their emphatic equivalents) as the subject. Synonyms[edit] - déanann (dependent form in Ulster; independent and dependent form in Connacht and the written standard)
- deineann (independent and dependent form in Munster)
Adjective[edit] ní - alive
Mandarin[edit] Romanization[edit] ní (form of ni2 with diacritic) - See 倪
- See 呢
- See 坭
- See 埿
- See 妫
- See 婗
- See 尼
- See 屔
- See 怩
- See 泥
- See 淣
- See 狋
- See 猊
- See 秜
- See 籾
- See 臡
- See 蚭
- See 蜺
- See 觬
- See 貎
- See 跜
- See 輗
- See 郳
- See 鈦
- See 霓
- See 鯓
- See 鯢, 鲵
- See 麑
- See 齯
Pronunciation[edit] ní - he/she says
- Dooda, dishní! — I say no!
Usage notes[edit] This verb is frequently used for quoted speech. To introduce quoted speech, just add the prefix a- to any of the forms of the verb. This modifies the meaning to something like "to say as follows" or "to say thus": - Asdzą́ aní, Beeʼeldííl Dahsinilgóó deekai, ní. — That woman says, "we are going to Albuquerque," she says.
Conjugation[edit]
Old Irish[edit] Etymology[edit] From Proto-Celtic *nīs (compare Welsh ni), from *neh₁ésti ("is not"), from Proto-Indo-European *ne *h₁ésti (compare Sanskrit न (na), Latin ne, Gothic 𐌽𐌹 (ni)). Particle[edit] ní - not
- circa 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, Wb. 24a38
- Ní epur a n-anman sund.
- I do not say their names here.
Usage notes[edit] Followed by the dependent form of the verb, which (in Old Irish) is not subjected to nasalization or lenition mutation unless a direct object pronoun is implied. Compare: - Ní ben inna firu "He does not strike the men": Here the b of ben is unmutated.
- Ní mben "He does not strike him": Here the b of ben is nasalized to mb.
- Ní ben "He does not strike it": Here the b of ben is lenited.
In Middle Irish increasingly, and in Modern Irish always, ní lenites the following verb. Synonyms[edit] Descendants[edit] ní - is not, isn't
- circa 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, Wb. 12c29
- Ní ar formut frib-si as·biur-sa inso.
- It is not because of envy towards you that I say this.
Conjugation[edit] 
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