| is Nov 2nd 2013, 02:41, by AmericanLeMans | | | | Line 19: | Line 19: | | | #: ''Should he do the task, it '''is''' vital that you follow him.'' | | #: ''Should he do the task, it '''is''' vital that you follow him.'' | | | #: ''It all depends on what the meaning of '''is''' is.'' - {{w|Bill Clinton}} | | #: ''It all depends on what the meaning of '''is''' is.'' - {{w|Bill Clinton}} | | | + | # (colloquial) second-person singular of be | | | | | | | | ====Quotations==== | | ====Quotations==== |
Latest revision as of 02:41, 2 November 2013 English[edit] Wikipedia Etymology[edit] From Middle English, from Old English is, from Proto-Germanic *isti, a form of Proto-Germanic *wesaną ("to be"), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti ("is"). Cognate with West Frisian is ("is"), Dutch is ("is"), German ist ("is"), Old Swedish is ("is"). The paradigm of "to be" has been since the time of Proto-Germanic a synthesis of four originally distinct verb stems. The infinitive form "to be" is from *bʰuH- ("to become"). The forms is and am are derived from *h₁es- ("to be") whereas the form are comes from *iraną ("to rise, be quick, become active"). Lastly, the past forms starting with "w-" such as was and were are from *h₂wes- ("to reside"). Pronunciation[edit] is - third-person singular simple present indicative form of be
- He is a doctor. He retired some time ago.
- Should he do the task, it is vital that you follow him.
- It all depends on what the meaning of is is. - Bill Clinton
- (colloquial) second-person singular of be
Quotations[edit] Translations[edit] Translations - Albanian: është (sq)
- Arabic: zero copula in most cases; possible addition of هو (ar) m (huwa) or هي (ar) f (hiya); يكون m (yakūna) or تكون f (takūna) in subordinate clauses functioning as verbal complements
- Armenian: է (ē), կա (ka)
- Avestan: 𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬌 (asti)
- Belarusian: (limited usage) ёсць (josc')
- Breton: eo (br)
- Bulgarian: е (e)
- Burmese: ရှိ (my) (shi.), ဖြစ် (my) (hpyit), နေ (my) (ne), ဟုတ် (my) (hok) (in negative clauses)
- Catalan: és (ca), està
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 是 (zh) (shì) (not used with adjectives)
- Cornish:
- Kernewek Kemmyn: yw where an adjective or noun is the complement; yma in a positive statement, where a prepositional or verbal clause is the complement; usi in a negative or interrogative sentence, where a prepositional or verbal clause is the complement of a definite subject; eus in a negative or interrogative sentence, where a prepositional or verbal clause is the complement of an indefinite subject
- Czech: je (cs)
- Danish: er (da)
- Dutch: is (nl)
- Esperanto: estas (eo)
- Estonian: on (et)
- Faroese: er
- Finnish: on (fi)
- French: est (fr)
- Galician: é (gl)
- Georgian: არის (aris)
- German: ist (de)
- Gothic: 𐌹𐍃𐍄 (ist)
- Greek: είναι (el) (eínai)
- Gujarati: please add this translation if you can
- Hindi: है (hai)
- Hittite: ēšzi [Cuneiform?]
- Hungarian: van (not used except as 'to exist')
- Icelandic: er (is)
- Ido: esas (io)
- Igbo: bụ
- Interlingua: es
- Irish: tá
- Italian: è (it), sta (it)
- Japanese: です (ja) (desu)
- Kannada: ಇದೆ (kn) (ide)
- Khmer: ជា (km) (jīa), គឺ (km) (geu)
- Korean: 이다 (ko) (ida) (copula), 있다 (ko) (itda) (to exist)
- Latgalian: irā
- Latin: est (la)
| | - Latvian: ir (lv)
- Lithuanian: yra (lt)
- Macedonian: е (mk) (e)
- Malay: ialah (ms), adalah (ms)
- Malayalam: ആകുന്നു
- Maltese: please add this translation if you can
- Marathi: please add this translation if you can
- Mongolian: байх (bajh)
- Nepali: please add this translation if you can
- Norwegian: er (no)
- Novial: es
- Old Church Slavonic: єстъ (estŭ)
- Old English: is
- Old High German: ist
- Old Norse: er, es
- Old Persian: asti
- Oriya: please add this translation if you can
- Persian: است (fa) (ast)
- Polish: jest (pl)
- Portuguese: é (pt), está (pt)
- Romanian: este (ro), e
- Russian: есть (ru) (jest') (has a very limited usage)
- Sanskrit: अस्ति (asti)
- Scots: is
- Scottish Gaelic: tha
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: је, јест, јесте
- Roman: je (sh), jest, jeste
- Slovak: je (sk), jestvuje (to exist)
- Slovene: je
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: jo
- Spanish: es (es), está (es), hay (es) in existencial sentences, when the subject is indefinite, verb-noun inversion also necessary
- Swedish: är (sv)
- Tagalog: ay (tl)
- Tamil: please add this translation if you can
- Thai: เป็น (th) (bpen) (not used with adjectives), อยู่ (yòo), คือ (keu)
- Tibetan: please add this translation if you can
- Turkish: var (tr)
- Ukrainian: є (uk) (je) (has a very limited usage)
- Urdu: ہے (hai)
- Vietnamese: là (vi) (when followed by a predicate nominative); thì (but often not translated when followed by a predicate adjective); tồn tại, hiện có (to exist)
- Võro: om
- Welsh: ydi/ydy in identification sentences/questions, mae
- West Frisian: is
- Yiddish: איז (iz)
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See also[edit] Statistics[edit] Anagrams[edit]
Afrikaans[edit] is - am, are, is (present tense, all persons, plural and singular of wees, to be)
- Forms the perfect passive voice when followed by a past participle
Catalan[edit] is - Plural form of i
Etymology[edit] From Old Norse íss, from Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eiH-. Pronunciation[edit] is c (singular definite isen, plural indefinite is) - (uncountable) ice, ice cream (water in frozen form, dessert)
- (countable) ice, ice cream (ice cream on a stick or in a wafer cone)
Inflection[edit]
Pronunciation[edit] is - third-person singular present indicative of zijn; is, equals
- Twaalf min drie is negen — twelve minus three equals nine
is - (informal, dialect) Misspelling of es, an abbreviation of eens
Anagrams[edit]
Romanization[edit] is - Romanization of 𐌹𐍃
Hungarian[edit] Etymology[edit] Cognate of és ("and"). Pronunciation[edit] is - also, too, as well
- Én is szeretem a csokit. - I also like chocolate. (Besides other people)
- A csokit is szeretem. - I also like chocolate. (Besides other things)
- even
- Három óráig is tarthat a műtét (The operation may even take three hours.)
- (after an interrogative word) again (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten)
- Hogy is hívják? (What's that called, again?)
Synonyms[edit] Derived terms[edit] - Expressions
Etymology 1[edit] From agus. Pronunciation[edit] Conjunction[edit] is - reduced form of agus
-
-
Etymology 2[edit] From Old Irish is ("is"), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- ("to be"). Pronunciation[edit] - IPA(key): [ɪsˠ], [sˠ] (before nouns and adjectives)
- IPA(key): [ʃ] (before pronouns é, í, ea, iad)
Particle[edit] is - Present/future realis copula form
- Is múinteoir é Dónall.
- Dónall is a teacher.
(definition: predicate is indefinite) - Is é Dónall an múinteoir.
- Dónall is the teacher.
(identification: predicate is definite) - Is féidir liom snámh.
- I can swim.
(idiomatic noun predicate) - Is maith liom tae.
- I like tea.
(idiomatic adjective predicate) - Is mise a chonnaic é.
- I'm the one who saw him
(compare Hiberno-English "'Tis I who saw him"; cleft sentence) - Is é Dónall atá ina mhúinteoir.
- It's Dónall who is a teacher.
(cleft sentence)
- Used to introduce the comparative/superlative form of adjectives
- an buachaill is mó
- the bigger boy; the biggest boy
- Is mó an buachaill ná Séamas.
- The boy is bigger than James.
- Is é Séamas an buachaill is mó in Éirinn!
- James is the biggest boy in Ireland! (lit. "It is James (who is) the boy (who) is biggest in Ireland")
Usage notes[edit] Used in present and future sentences for identification or definition of a subject as the person/object identified in the predicate of the sentence. Sometimes used with noun or adjective predicates, especially in certain fixed idiomatic phrases. Used to introduce cleft sentences, which are extremely common in Irish. It is not a verb. In comparative/superlative formations, is is strictly speaking the relative of the copula, hence an buachaill is mó literally means "the boy who is biggest", i.e. "the biggest boy". The thing compared is introduced by ná ("than"). Related terms[edit] Irish copular forms Simple copular forms | Present/future |
|---|
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative | Neg. inter. |
|---|
| Main clauses | is | ní | an | nach | | Direct relative clauses | nach | |
|---|
| Indirect relative clauses | ar, arbv | | Other subordinate clauses | gur, gurbv | an | nach | | Past/conditional |
|---|
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative | Neg. inter. |
|---|
| Main clauses | ba, b'v | níor, níorbhv | ar, arbhv | nár, nárbhv | | Direct relative clauses | ba, abv | nár, nárbhv | |
|---|
| Indirect relative clauses | ar, arbhv | | Other subordinate clauses | gur, gurbhv | ar, arbhv | nár, nárbhv | | Present subjunctive | |
|---|
| Affirmative | Negative |
|---|
| gura, gurabv | nára, nárabv |
| | Compound copular forms | Base word | Present/future | Past/conditional |
|---|
| má | más | má ba, má b'v | | ó | ós | ó ba, ó b'v | | dá | | dá mba, dá mb'v |
|---|
| mura | mura, murabv | murar, murarbhv | | sula | sular, sularbv | sular, sularbhv | | cé | cér, cérbv | cér, cérbhv | | cá | cár, cárbv | cár, cárbhv | | de/do | dar, darbv | dar, darbhv | | faoi | faoinar, faoinarbv | faoinar, faoinarbhv | | i | inar, inarbv | inar, inarbhv | | le | lenar, lenarbv | lenar, lenarbhv | | ó | ónar, ónarbv | ónar, ónarbhv | | trí | trínar, trínarbv | trínar, trínarbhv |
| | Note: Forms marked v are used before a vowel sound. |
Etymology 1[edit] Inflected form of eō ("go"). Pronunciation[edit] īs - second-person singular present active indicative of eo
Etymology 2[edit] From Proto-Indo-European *éy, *íh₂, *íd ("the"). Pronunciation[edit] Pronoun[edit] is m; (f ea, n id, pl ei) - (demonstrative) it; he (refers to a masculine word), this, that
- Is mihi rescripsit.
- He wrote to me again.
Declension[edit] Irregular: similar to first and second declensions, except for singular genitives ending in "-ius" and singular datives ending in "-ī". See also[edit] Latin personal pronouns | Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Ablative | Possessive |
|---|
| Singular | First | — | ego | meī | mihi | mē | meus, -a, -um |
|---|
| Second | — | tū | tuī | tibi | tē | tuus, -a, -um |
|---|
| Reflexive Third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um |
|---|
| Third | Masculine | is | eius | eī | eum | eō | eius |
|---|
| Feminine | ea | eam | eā |
|---|
| Neuter | id | id | eō |
|---|
| Plural | First | — | nōs | nostrī, nostrum | nōbīs | nōs | nōbīs | noster, -tra, -trum |
|---|
| Second | — | vōs | vestrī, vestrum | vōbīs | vōs | vōbīs | vester, -tra, -trum |
|---|
| Reflexive Third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um |
|---|
| Third | Masculine | eī, iī | eōrum | eīs | eōs | eīs | eōrum |
|---|
| Feminine | eae | eārum | eās | eārum |
|---|
| Neuter | ea | eōrum | ea | eōrum |
|---|
Interjection[edit] is - oh: expressing surprise
Alternative forms[edit]
Norwegian Bokmål[edit] Etymology[edit] From Old Norse íss, from Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eiH-. is m (definite singular isen; uncountable) - ice
Norwegian Nynorsk[edit] Etymology[edit] From Old Norse íss, from Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eiH-. is m (definite singular isen, indefinite plural isar, definite plural isane) - ice
References[edit] - "is" in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old English[edit] Etymology[edit] From Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eiH-, *ei-, *ī- ("ice, frost"). Cognate with Old Frisian īs (West Frisian iis), Old Saxon īs (Low German Ies), Dutch ijs, Old High German īs (German Eis), Old Norse íss (Danish and Swedish is), Gothic 𐌴𐌹𐍃 (eis). There are parallels in many Iranian languages, apparently from the same Indo-European root: Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬑𐬀 (aēxa-, "frost, ice"), Persian یخ (yakh), Pashto جح (jaḥ), Ossetian их (ix). Pronunciation[edit] īs n - ice
- the Legend of St Andrew
- Ofer eastreamas is brycgade.
- The ice formed a bridge over the streams.
- The runic character ᛁ (/i/ or /i:/)
Derived terms[edit] Descendants[edit]
Old High German[edit] Etymology[edit] From Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eiH-. Compare Old Saxon īs, Old English īs, Old Norse íss, Gothic 𐌴𐌹𐍃 (eis). īs - ice
Descendants[edit]
Old Irish[edit] Etymology[edit] The lemma is itself is from Proto-Indo-European *h₁esti; other forms are from either Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- or Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-. is (copula) - to be
- circa 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, Wb. 14d26
- Is i persin Crist da·gníu-sa sin.
- It is in the person of Christ that I do that.
Conjugation[edit] | Form | 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. |
|---|
| Present indicative | am
(relative): nonda | at, it
(relative): nonda | is
(relative): as | ammi, ammin, immi
(relative): nondan | adib, idib, adi
(relative): nondad | it
(relative): ata, at |
|---|
| Present subjunctive | ba | ba, be | ba
(relative): bes, bas | — | bede | —
(relative): bete, beta |
|---|
| Past subjunctive | — | — | bid, bith
(relative): bed, bad | bemmis | — | betis, bitis |
|---|
| Imperative | | ba | bad, bed | ban, baán | bad, bed | bat |
|---|
| Future | be | be | bid, bith | bemmi, bimmi | — | bit |
|---|
| Conditional | — | — | robad
(relative): bed | — | — | robtis |
|---|
Preterite and
imperfect indicative | basa | basa | ba
(relative): ba | — | — | batir, batar
(relative): batar |
|---|
Derived terms[edit] - cesu ("although... is")
- condid ("so that... is")
- in ("is... ?")
- masu ("if... is")
- ní ("is not")
Synonyms[edit]
Old Saxon[edit] Etymology 1[edit] From Proto-Germanic *it. Pronoun[edit] is (is) - his, its
Declension[edit] Old Saxon personal pronouns Etymology 2[edit] is - Third-person singular present form of wesan
Etymology 3[edit] From Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eiH-, *ei-, *ī- ("ice, frost"). Cognate with Old Frisian īs (West Frisian iis), Old English īs (English ice), Dutch ijs, Old High German īs (German Eis), Old Norse íss (Danish and Swedish is), Gothic 𐌴𐌹𐍃 (eis). īs n - ice
- The runic character ᛁ (/i/ or /i:/)
Declension[edit] Declension of is (strong a-stem) Descendants[edit]
Portuguese[edit] Pronunciation[edit] is - Plural form of i
- 2003, J. K. Rowling, Lya Wyler, Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fênix, Rocco, page 411:
- Se você pôs os pingos nos is e cortou os tês então pode fazer o que quiser!
- If you've dotted your I's and crossed your T's, then you can do whatever you want!
is (not comparable) - (South Scots) as
Synonyms[edit] Conjunction[edit] is - (South Scots) as
Synonyms[edit] Pronoun[edit] is personal, non-emphatic - (South Scots) me
See also[edit] is - third-person singular simple present indicative form of be
See also[edit]
Scottish Gaelic[edit] Alternative forms[edit] Conjunction[edit] is - and
Synonyms[edit] is - am, are, is
Usage notes[edit] - This defective verb doesn't have the infinitive, future tense, subjunctive or conditional moods.
- The dependent form, used after particles, is e.
- Is is used when linking the subject of a sentence with an object ("somebody is somebody", "somebody is something", "something is something"), otherwise forms of the verb bi are used:
- Is mise Dòmhnall. - I am Donald.
- Tha mise ann an taigh-seinnse. - I am in a pub.
Derived terms[edit]
Swedish[edit] Etymology[edit] From Old Norse íss, from Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eiH-. Pronunciation[edit] is c - (uncountable) Ice; frozen water.
- (countable) Ice; a sheet of ice lying on a body of water.
Declension[edit] Related terms[edit] References[edit]
Tok Pisin[edit] Etymology[edit] From English East. is - East
Turkish[edit] is (definite accusative isi, plural isler) - fume
Declension[edit]
Volapük[edit] is - here
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