Wednesday, March 20, 2013

Wiktionary - Recent changes [en]: Appendix:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/ŋwa

Wiktionary - Recent changes [en]
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Appendix:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/ŋwa
Mar 21st 2013, 01:40

Latest revision as of 01:40, 21 March 2013

Asterisk.svg
 This entry contains Proto-Sino-Tibetan reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Contents

[edit] Proto-Sino-Tibetan

[edit] Etymology

  • Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ngwjəɣ (Coblin, 1986)
    • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *ŋwa (Matisoff, STEDT; Benedict, 1972; Weidert, 1987; LaPolla, 1987); *ngwa(*B) (Coblin, 1986)

Some have noticed a similarity with Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws ("cattle") (whence English cow, Latin bōs) (Koenraad, 1999; Chang, 1988).

Bos taurus indicus (zebu).

[edit] Noun

  1. cattle, ox

[edit] Descendants

  • Old Chinese: 牛 /*ŋʷə/ (B-S), /*ŋʷɯ/ (ZS) ("cattle")
    (in the oracle bone script) 牛-oracle.svg
    • Middle Chinese: 牛 /ŋɨu/

      →   Japanese:  牛 (ぎゅう, gyū)
            Korean:  우 (牛, u)
            Vietnamese:  ngưu

      →   Sichuan Yi:  ꑛ (nyu, "cow, ox (for traditional calendar dates)")
            Thai:  งัว (ngua), วัว (wua) ("bullock, cow")
            Lao:  ງົວ (ngua, "bullock, cow")

      • Modern Mandarin
        • Beijing: 牛 (niú, /ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/)
      • Cantonese
        • Guangzhou: 牛 /ŋɐu²¹/
      • Wu
        • Shanghai: 牛 /ȵiɜ²³/
    • Min
      • Min Nan
        • Taiwan: 牛 /gu²⁴/ (colloquial), /giu²⁴/ (literary)
  • Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
    • Lolo-Burmese
      • Burmish
      • Loloish
        • Northern Loloish
          • Yi (Liangshan): ꆈꑌ (nuo nyi) ("beef cow"), ꑍꃀ (nyip mop) ("beef cow")
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